
What is a Mutual Fund?
A mutual fund is a company that pools the money of many investors. Professional managers invest this money in a variety of securities according to the funds specific objective and strategies. The price of a share in a mutual fund will go up or down based on the value of the underlying portfolio of securities. Every mutual fund must have a prospectus which explains the funds objective, the kinds of securities the fund may invest in, risks, and other important information.
Below are some broad categories of mutual funds:
- Aggressive Growth funds and Growth funds generally seek long-term capital appreciation by investing in stocks that are expected to experience an increase in earnings.
- Value funds generally seek capital appreciation by investing in securities that the funds manager believes are selling for less than their actual or potential worth.
- Growth and Income funds generally seek a combination of long-term capital appreciation from stocks and current income from dividend-paying stocks or bonds.
- Income funds generally seek regular current income, usually by investing in different types of bonds.
- Money Market funds generally seek to preserve the investors capital, but do not provide long-term growth. (Keep in mind that investments in money market mutual funds are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although such funds seek to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in these funds.)
Some mutual funds may invest in companies of a particular size (small-, medium-, or large-company) or companies in a particular industry. Funds may be domestic, international (owning stocks or bonds issued by companies or governments outside the US), or global (combining international and US investments).
One reason mutual funds have become so popular is because they offer the advantage of built-in diversification by investing in many different securities. Diversification spreading your money among many investments, or not putting all your eggs in one basket can reduce the impact on your portfolio of poor performance by any one security. Keep in mind, however, that diversification does not assure a profit or protect against loss in a declining market.
